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Vaduz
Municipality
Official languages	German
Area	17 km²
Population	5696
City flower	NA
Time zone	UTC+1:00 (CET) / Summer: UTC+2:00(CEST)
Sovereign state	Principality of Liechtenstein

Contents

Vaduz
Etymology
History
Geography
- Climate
- Landmarks
Demographics
Culture
Economy and transport
- Bus connections to rail hubs
- Schaan-Vaduz railway station
Education
Notable people
- Footballers
- Other athletes
References

Vaduz

Vaduz ^[3] is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. The city, which is located along the Rhine River, has 5,696 residents.^[1] The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, being perched atop a steep hill in the middle of the city. It is home to the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The city's distinctive architecture is also displayed in landmarks such as the Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House, City Hall, the National Art Gallery, as well as the National Museum. Although Vaduz is the best-known town in the principality internationally, it is not the largest; neighbouring Schaan has a larger population.

Etymology

The name of Vaduz had been first recorded as de Faduzes. The name of the settlement, like most other towns in the Rhine Valley region, is of Romance origin. The name can be traced back to Old Rhaeto-Romance root auadutg, meaning aqueduct, which in turn evolved from the Latin aquaeductus.^[3]

History

Vaduz is mentioned in historic 12th-century manuscripts as Faduzes. In 1322 a mention of the castle is made, which was sacked by the Swiss in 1499 during the Swabian War. The entire city was also destroyed.
In the 17th century the Liechtenstein family was seeking a seat in the Imperial diet, the Reichstag. However, since they did not hold any territory that was directly under the Imperial throne, they were unable to meet the primary requirement to qualify.
The family yearned for the added power a seat in the Imperial government would bring, and therefore sought to acquire lands that would be reichsunmittelbar, or held without any feudal personage other than the Holy Roman Emperor himself having rights on the land. After some time, the family was able to arrange the purchase of the minuscule Herrschaft ("Lordship") of Schellenberg and countship of Vaduz (in 1699 and 1712 respectively) from the Hohenems. Tiny Schellenberg and Vaduz possessed exactly the political status required: no feudal lord other than the Emperor.
Thereby, on 23 January 1719, after purchase had been duly made, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg were united, and raised to the dignity of Fürstentum (principality) with the name "Liechtenstein" in honour of "(his) true servant, Anton Florian of Liechtenstein". It is on this date that Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the Holy Roman Empire. As a testament to the pure political expediency of the purchases, the Princes of Liechtenstein did not set foot in their new principality for over 120 years.

Geography

Climate

Vaduz features an oceanic climate with warm summers and chilly winters. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb).^[4] The city experiences a noticeable increase in precipitation during the summer, but in general all twelve months see some precipitation. Vaduz receives, on average, approximately 900 mm (35.43 in) of precipitation per year. Vaduz's warmest month, July, sees average high temperatures reach 25 °C (77 °F) while average low temperatures are about 14 °C (57 °F). The city's coldest month, January, sees average highs of 3 °C (37 °F) and average lows of −3 °C (27 °F).

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average_high_°C	4.3	5.9	11.1	15.1	19.8	22.3	24.5	23.7	19.7	15.5	8.9	5.1	14.7
Daily_mean_°C	0.7	2.0	6.2	9.9	14.4	17.0	19.0	18.4	14.8	10.9	5.1	1.8	10.0
Average_low_°C	−2.8	−1.8	1.9	4.8	9.3	12.1	14.0	13.9	10.5	6.7	1.7	−1.4	5.7
Average_precipitation_mm_(inches)	41	38	57	55	86	115	138	142	102	63	59	52	947
Average_snowfall_cm_(inches)	14.2	14.4	6.4	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.7	11.9	52
Average_precipitation_days_(≥_1.0_mm)	7.3	6.9	9.4	9.6	11.9	12.8	13.2	13.2	9.8	8.3	9.0	8.4	119.8
Average_snowy_days_(≥_1.0_cm)	3.9	3.9	2.1	0.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.4	3.3	14.8
Average_relative_humidity_(%)	75	72	67	65	67	71	72	75	77	76	78	77	73
Mean_monthly_sunshine_hours	70	91	124	144	166	170	194	177	145	116	68	52	1,516

Landmarks

Vaduz Castle overlooking the city
The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, the home of the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The castle is visible from almost any location in Vaduz, being perched atop a steep hill in the middle of the city. The Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House and City Hall are also well-known landmarks, displaying the various styles and periods of architecture that the city is known for.

Demographics

As of 2019, 5,696 people lived in Vaduz.^[1] Foreigners resident in the city make up 42% of the population.^[6] With 67% the population is predominantly Roman Catholic, while the percentage of Catholics is significantly higher among residents with Liechtenstein nationality (81%) than among foreigner residents (47%). The largest minority religions in the city are Protestantism (10%) and Islam (8%).^[7]
Religion in Vaduz - 2015^[7]

religion	percent
Roman_Catholicism	67%
Protestantism	10%
Other_Christians	3%
Islam	8%
Others/undeclared	4%
Non-religious	9%

Note: Percentage is more than 100 due to rounding.

Culture

The National Art Gallery as well as the National Museum are located in Vaduz. The art gallery (Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein) is a museum of modern and contemporary art, also showing displays from the private princely Liechtenstein Collection, the main public display of which is in Vienna. The building is an architectural landmark built by the Swiss architects Morger, Degelo and Kerez. It was completed in November 2000 and forms a "black box" of tinted concrete and black basalt stone. The museum collection is also the national art collection of Liechtenstein. The Liechtenstein National Museum is showing a permanent exhibition on the cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein as well as special exhibitions. There are also the Postage Stamp Museum and a Ski Museum.

Economy and transport

Vaduz has a lively tourist industry, despite being one of the very few capital cities in the world without an airport – the nearest major airport is Zurich, at a distance of 120 km (75 mi).

Bus connections to rail hubs

There are frequent bus connections between nearby mainline railway stations including Buchs, Sargans and Fedlkirch, operated by Liechtenstein Bus.

Schaan-Vaduz railway station

Vaduz has no railway station as such and is not directly served by a railway line. Schaan-Vaduz is one of the four train stations serving Liechtenstein It is located in the town of Schaan, a couple of kilometres north of Vaduz. It is owned by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB). The station is served by eighteen regional, stopping trains per day, nine in each direction between Switzerland and Austria. It is situated on the international and electrified Feldkirch-Buchs line, between the station of in Buchs SG (in Switzerland) and the stop of Forst Hilti (in the northern suburb of Schaan).

Education

Vaduz has two primary schools, Äule Primary School, near the Vaduzer-Saal;^[8] and Ebenholz Primary School,^[9] near the University of Liechtenstein, which is also located in the city. Both schools have the same secretariat and administration.^[8] The school assignments of children are largely determined by their street addresses.^[9] There are four kindergarten sites, of the Kindergarten Bartlegrosch, in Vaduz.^[10]
Realschule Vaduz and Oberschule Vaduz are in the Schulzentrum Mühleholz II in Vaduz. Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium is also located in Vaduz. Realschule Schaan and Sportschule Liechtenstein are in nearby Schaan.^[11]

Notable people

Barbara Erni (1743–1785) thief and confidence trickster, the last person to be executed in Liechtenstein
Aurelia Frick, 2017
Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901), organist and composer ^[12]
Carl von In der Maur (1852 in Wiener Neustadt - 1913), government official
Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (1869 in Hollenegg – 1955) renounced his rights to the succession on 26 February 1923, in favor of his son Franz Joseph II.
Josef Ospelt (1881–1962), first Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 2 March 1921 to 27 April 1922
Gilbert von In der Maur (1887-1959), military officer, leading figure of the Austrian National Socialist Party
Medea de Novara (1905–2001) actress who appeared in Mexican films ^[13]
Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1906 in Deutschlandsberg – 1989 in Grabs) the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death, lived full-time in the principality.
Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1945 in Zurich) the monarch and head of state of Liechtenstein, lives in Vaduz Castle
Wolfgang Haas (born 1948), first archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vaduz
Evelyne Bermann (born 1950) artist, specializes in glass acrylics
Marlies Amann-Marxer (born 1952), politician who served as Minister of Infrastructure, Environment and Sport in the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
Christoph Zeller (born 1956 or 1957) a German billionaire businessman, owns Ivoclar Vivadent
Alexander Kellner (born 1961) a Brazilian geologist and paleontologist, expert in pterosaurs
Adrian Hasler (born 1964), politician and the current Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1968 in Zürich) regent of Liechtenstein since 2004
Aurelia Frick (born 1975) a Liechtenstein politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Culture.
Ruslaan Mumtaz (born 1982), Indian Bollywood film and television actor ^[14]
Raphael Gray (born 1982) a British computer hacker

Footballers

Rainer Hasler (1958–2014) footballer who played as a defender, selected by the Liechtenstein Football Association as the country's Golden Player
Ronny Büchel (born 1982) a former international footballer, played 72 games for the national side
Philippe Erne (born 1986) an international footballer, 34 games for the national side
Marco Ritzberger (born 1986) a retired footballer, played for FC Vaduz and played 35 games for the national side
Mathias Christen (born 1987), international footballer, played 36 games for the national side
Andreas Christen (born 1989) is an international footballer, played 27 games for the national side
Lucas Eberle (born 1990) a Liechtensteiner footballer, played 12 games for the national side
Nicolas Hasler (born 1991) a Liechtensteiner professional footballer, played 55 games for the national side
Sandro Wieser (born 1993) professional footballer, played 47 games for the national side
Dennis Salanović (born 1996) a Liechtensteiner international footballer, played 29 games for the national side
Maximilian Göppel (born 1997) a Liechtensteiner footballer who plays for FC Vaduz and the Liechtenstein national team.

Other athletes

Guido Wolf (born 1924), former sports shooter, competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Franz Biedermann (born 1946) a Liechtenstein decathlete, competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics
Markus Ganahl (born 1975) retired alpine skier, competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics
Marina Nigg (born 1984), alpine skier, competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Tina Weirather (born 1989), World Cup alpine ski racer
Daniel Rinner (born 1990) a Liechtenstein cyclist
Stephanie Vogt (born 1990), retired professional tennis player
Nicola Kindle (born 1991) an alpine skier
Kathinka von Deichmann (born 1994) tennis player.

References

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208. John Doe, the 208th Encyclopedia Part 208 - Edition 2. 208 Publishing House, 1988.
209. John Doe, the 209th Encyclopedia Part 209 - Edition 3. 209 Publishing House, 1989.
210. John Doe, the 210th Encyclopedia Part 210 - Edition 1. 210 Publishing House, 1990.
211. John Doe, the 211th Encyclopedia Part 211 - Edition 2. 211 Publishing House, 1991.
212. John Doe, the 212th Encyclopedia Part 212 - Edition 3. 212 Publishing House, 1992.
213. John Doe, the 213th Encyclopedia Part 213 - Edition 1. 213 Publishing House, 1993.
214. John Doe, the 214th Encyclopedia Part 214 - Edition 2. 214 Publishing House, 1994.
215. John Doe, the 215th Encyclopedia Part 215 - Edition 3. 215 Publishing House, 1995.
216. John Doe, the 216th Encyclopedia Part 216 - Edition 1. 216 Publishing House, 1996.
217. John Doe, the 217th Encyclopedia Part 217 - Edition 2. 217 Publishing House, 1997.
218. John Doe, the 218th Encyclopedia Part 218 - Edition 3. 218 Publishing House, 1998.
219. John Doe, the 219th Encyclopedia Part 219 - Edition 1. 219 Publishing House, 1999.
220. John Doe, the 220th Encyclopedia Part 220 - Edition 2. 220 Publishing House, 2000.
221. John Doe, the 221th Encyclopedia Part 221 - Edition 3. 221 Publishing House, 2001.
222. John Doe, the 222th Encyclopedia Part 222 - Edition 1. 222 Publishing House, 2002.
223. John Doe, the 223th Encyclopedia Part 223 - Edition 2. 223 Publishing House, 2003.
224. John Doe, the 224th Encyclopedia Part 224 - Edition 3. 224 Publishing House, 2004.
225. John Doe, the 225th Encyclopedia Part 225 - Edition 1. 225 Publishing House, 2005.
226. John Doe, the 226th Encyclopedia Part 226 - Edition 2. 226 Publishing House, 2006.
227. John Doe, the 227th Encyclopedia Part 227 - Edition 3. 227 Publishing House, 2007.
228. John Doe, the 228th Encyclopedia Part 228 - Edition 1. 228 Publishing House, 2008.
229. John Doe, the 229th Encyclopedia Part 229 - Edition 2. 229 Publishing House, 2009.
230. John Doe, the 230th Encyclopedia Part 230 - Edition 3. 230 Publishing House, 2010.
231. John Doe, the 231th Encyclopedia Part 231 - Edition 1. 231 Publishing House, 2011.
232. John Doe, the 232th Encyclopedia Part 232 - Edition 2. 232 Publishing House, 2012.
233. John Doe, the 233th Encyclopedia Part 233 - Edition 3. 233 Publishing House, 2013.
234. John Doe, the 234th Encyclopedia Part 234 - Edition 1. 234 Publishing House, 2014.
235. John Doe, the 235th Encyclopedia Part 235 - Edition 2. 235 Publishing House, 2015.
236. John Doe, the 236th Encyclopedia Part 236 - Edition 3. 236 Publishing House, 2016.
237. John Doe, the 237th Encyclopedia Part 237 - Edition 1. 237 Publishing House, 2017.
238. John Doe, the 238th Encyclopedia Part 238 - Edition 2. 238 Publishing House, 2018.
239. John Doe, the 239th Encyclopedia Part 239 - Edition 3. 239 Publishing House, 2019.
240. John Doe, the 240th Encyclopedia Part 240 - Edition 1. 240 Publishing House, 1900.
241. John Doe, the 241th Encyclopedia Part 241 - Edition 2. 241 Publishing House, 1901.
242. John Doe, the 242th Encyclopedia Part 242 - Edition 3. 242 Publishing House, 1902.
243. John Doe, the 243th Encyclopedia Part 243 - Edition 1. 243 Publishing House, 1903.
244. John Doe, the 244th Encyclopedia Part 244 - Edition 2. 244 Publishing House, 1904.
245. John Doe, the 245th Encyclopedia Part 245 - Edition 3. 245 Publishing House, 1905.
246. John Doe, the 246th Encyclopedia Part 246 - Edition 1. 246 Publishing House, 1906.
247. John Doe, the 247th Encyclopedia Part 247 - Edition 2. 247 Publishing House, 1907.
248. John Doe, the 248th Encyclopedia Part 248 - Edition 3. 248 Publishing House, 1908.
249. John Doe, the 249th Encyclopedia Part 249 - Edition 1. 249 Publishing House, 1909.
250. John Doe, the 250th Encyclopedia Part 250 - Edition 2. 250 Publishing House, 1910.
251. John Doe, the 251th Encyclopedia Part 251 - Edition 3. 251 Publishing House, 1911.
252. John Doe, the 252th Encyclopedia Part 252 - Edition 1. 252 Publishing House, 1912.
253. John Doe, the 253th Encyclopedia Part 253 - Edition 2. 253 Publishing House, 1913.
254. John Doe, the 254th Encyclopedia Part 254 - Edition 3. 254 Publishing House, 1914.
255. John Doe, the 255th Encyclopedia Part 255 - Edition 1. 255 Publishing House, 1915.
256. John Doe, the 256th Encyclopedia Part 256 - Edition 2. 256 Publishing House, 1916.
257. John Doe, the 257th Encyclopedia Part 257 - Edition 3. 257 Publishing House, 1917.
258. John Doe, the 258th Encyclopedia Part 258 - Edition 1. 258 Publishing House, 1918.
259. John Doe, the 259th Encyclopedia Part 259 - Edition 2. 259 Publishing House, 1919.
260. John Doe, the 260th Encyclopedia Part 260 - Edition 3. 260 Publishing House, 1920.
261. John Doe, the 261th Encyclopedia Part 261 - Edition 1. 261 Publishing House, 1921.
262. John Doe, the 262th Encyclopedia Part 262 - Edition 2. 262 Publishing House, 1922.
263. John Doe, the 263th Encyclopedia Part 263 - Edition 3. 263 Publishing House, 1923.
264. John Doe, the 264th Encyclopedia Part 264 - Edition 1. 264 Publishing House, 1924.
265. John Doe, the 265th Encyclopedia Part 265 - Edition 2. 265 Publishing House, 1925.
266. John Doe, the 266th Encyclopedia Part 266 - Edition 3. 266 Publishing House, 1926.
267. John Doe, the 267th Encyclopedia Part 267 - Edition 1. 267 Publishing House, 1927.
268. John Doe, the 268th Encyclopedia Part 268 - Edition 2. 268 Publishing House, 1928.
269. John Doe, the 269th Encyclopedia Part 269 - Edition 3. 269 Publishing House, 1929.
270. John Doe, the 270th Encyclopedia Part 270 - Edition 1. 270 Publishing House, 1930.
271. John Doe, the 271th Encyclopedia Part 271 - Edition 2. 271 Publishing House, 1931.
272. John Doe, the 272th Encyclopedia Part 272 - Edition 3. 272 Publishing House, 1932.
273. John Doe, the 273th Encyclopedia Part 273 - Edition 1. 273 Publishing House, 1933.
274. John Doe, the 274th Encyclopedia Part 274 - Edition 2. 274 Publishing House, 1934.
275. John Doe, the 275th Encyclopedia Part 275 - Edition 3. 275 Publishing House, 1935.
276. John Doe, the 276th Encyclopedia Part 276 - Edition 1. 276 Publishing House, 1936.
277. John Doe, the 277th Encyclopedia Part 277 - Edition 2. 277 Publishing House, 1937.
278. John Doe, the 278th Encyclopedia Part 278 - Edition 3. 278 Publishing House, 1938.
279. John Doe, the 279th Encyclopedia Part 279 - Edition 1. 279 Publishing House, 1939.
280. John Doe, the 280th Encyclopedia Part 280 - Edition 2. 280 Publishing House, 1940.
281. John Doe, the 281th Encyclopedia Part 281 - Edition 3. 281 Publishing House, 1941.
282. John Doe, the 282th Encyclopedia Part 282 - Edition 1. 282 Publishing House, 1942.
283. John Doe, the 283th Encyclopedia Part 283 - Edition 2. 283 Publishing House, 1943.
284. John Doe, the 284th Encyclopedia Part 284 - Edition 3. 284 Publishing House, 1944.
285. John Doe, the 285th Encyclopedia Part 285 - Edition 1. 285 Publishing House, 1945.
286. John Doe, the 286th Encyclopedia Part 286 - Edition 2. 286 Publishing House, 1946.
287. John Doe, the 287th Encyclopedia Part 287 - Edition 3. 287 Publishing House, 1947.
288. John Doe, the 288th Encyclopedia Part 288 - Edition 1. 288 Publishing House, 1948.
289. John Doe, the 289th Encyclopedia Part 289 - Edition 2. 289 Publishing House, 1949.
290. John Doe, the 290th Encyclopedia Part 290 - Edition 3. 290 Publishing House, 1950.
291. John Doe, the 291th Encyclopedia Part 291 - Edition 1. 291 Publishing House, 1951.
292. John Doe, the 292th Encyclopedia Part 292 - Edition 2. 292 Publishing House, 1952.
293. John Doe, the 293th Encyclopedia Part 293 - Edition 3. 293 Publishing House, 1953.
294. John Doe, the 294th Encyclopedia Part 294 - Edition 1. 294 Publishing House, 1954.
295. John Doe, the 295th Encyclopedia Part 295 - Edition 2. 295 Publishing House, 1955.
296. John Doe, the 296th Encyclopedia Part 296 - Edition 3. 296 Publishing House, 1956.
297. John Doe, the 297th Encyclopedia Part 297 - Edition 1. 297 Publishing House, 1957.
298. John Doe, the 298th Encyclopedia Part 298 - Edition 2. 298 Publishing House, 1958.
299. John Doe, the 299th Encyclopedia Part 299 - Edition 3. 299 Publishing House, 1959.
300. John Doe, the 300th Encyclopedia Part 300 - Edition 1. 300 Publishing House, 1960.
301. John Doe, the 301th Encyclopedia Part 301 - Edition 2. 301 Publishing House, 1961.

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